英语的5种基本句型

1. 英语的5种基本句型

状语当然不是基本成分了。
基本句型中的成分都是不能缺少的，缺了句子就错了。比如说句子不能缺主语不能缺谓语动词。。。
但是定语状语是可有可无的，缺了句子在语法结构上仍然是对的，它们的作用只是限定修饰句子的基本成分，使句子表达地更准确或者更生动。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一： S +V （主＋谓）
基本句型二： S +V +P （主＋系＋表）
基本句型三： S +V +O （主＋谓＋宾）
基本句型四： S +V +IO +O（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
基本句型五： S +V +O +C（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

2. 英语五种基本句型的例句。

Ⅰ.主语+动词
Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了。
Ⅱ.主语+系动词+表语�
His eyes are blue. 他的眼睛是蓝色的。
Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语 
I love apples. 我喜欢苹果。
Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语 �
I gave him my address. 我告诉他我的地址。
Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语�
I found the box empty. 我发现盒子是空的。

3. 英语六种基本句型

英语学习中的六种基本句型结构
　　英语的句式从表达形式上来看，形式多样且丰富多彩，但仔细观察后就不难发现，无论其怎样变化，它们大都基本保持了常见的六个句型结构。也就是说，绝大多数英语句子都是由这六个基本句式演变、衍生而成的。因此，掌握好这六个基本句型以及他们的基本用法，对于初学英语的同学们来说，就显得非常重要了。这里做一简单列举与说明，希望对同学们的学习有所帮助：
　　一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) 
　　这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词如： work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
　　1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
　　2) The little girl cried even harder. 小女孩哭得更厉害了。
　　3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
　　二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
　　这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
　　(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
　　1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
　　2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
　　(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
　　1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
　　春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
　　2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
　　这棵树比以前长得高多了。
　　三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
　　这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
　　1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）
她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
　　4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
　　四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
　　这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：
　　buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
　　2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
　　老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。
　　上述句子还可以表达为：
　　1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
　　2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
　　五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)
　　这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
　　1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）
　　2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
　　3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
　　● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
　　● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
　　1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.
昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
句型6：There be + 主语 + 其它
　　这一结构表示“某地有某物”。主语一般位于there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：
　　1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.

4. 英语有几种基本句型

英语常用句型 
初学英语的人常常感到在掌握一些英语单词和基本语法后，在英语说和写方面还是很难表达自己，笔者认为其中一个原因是没有掌握一些英语句型，只有掌握了一些句型才能比较正确、完整地表达自己。下面是笔者收集的一些常用句型。 

1. 否定句型 

1) 一般否定句 

I don't know this. No news is good news. 

There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house. 

2)特指否定 

He went to his office, not to see him. 

I am sorry for not coming on time. 

I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 

3)部分否定 

All the answers are not right 

All is not gold that glitters 

I don't know all of them. 

I can't see everybody/everything. 

Both of them are not right. 

4)全体否定 

None of my friends smoke. 

I can see nothing/nobody. 

Neither of them is right. 

Nothing can be so simple as this. 

5) 延续否定 

You didn't see him, neither/nor did I. 

You don't know, I don't know either. 

He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说） French. 

6) 半否定句 

We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. 

I know little English. I saw few people. 

7) 双重否定 

You can't make something out of nothing. 

What's done cannot be undone. 

There is no sweet without sweat. 

No gain without pains. 

I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. 

No man is so old but (that) he can learn. 

8)排除否定 

Everyone is ready except you. 

He did nothing but play. 

But for your help, I couldn't do it. 

9)加强否定 

I won't do it at all. 

I can't see it any more. 

He is no longer a boy. 

2. 判断句型 

1) 一般判断句 

It is important for us to learn English. 

It is kind of you to help me 

sincere means honest. 

The boy is called/named Tom. 

We regarded/consider it as an honor. 

2)强调判断 

It is English that we should learn. 

It is he who helped me a lot. 

3)弱式判断 

Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right. 

You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before. 

Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill. 

He is probably ill. 

He is likely ill. 

It is possible that he is late 

4) 注释判断 

He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典） 

5) 正反判断 

That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 

6) 比较判断 

It is more a picture than a poem. 

7) 互斥判断 

He or you are wrong. 

Either he is right or I am. 

3. 祝愿祁使句式 

1) 一般句式 

Study hard and keep fit. 

Be brave! Don't be shy! 

Get out of here. 

2)强语式 

Do tell me. 

Never tell a lie. 

3) 委婉祈使句 

Please tell me the true. 

Would/Will/Won't do me a favor? 

Would/Do you mind my smoking? 

What/How/ about going on foot? 

4)建议祈使句 

Let us go. Let us know the time. 

Don't let the fire out. 

Let's not waste the time. 

You'd better start early. 

Shall we listen to some music? 

Why don't you get something to drink? 

Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six? 

I suggest we (should) take the train. 

5)祝愿句 

Success to you! 

Wish you a good journey. 

May you have a happy marriage. 

Here's to your success! 

Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 

4. 感叹句型 

How well he speaks! 

How kind she is! 

What a nice weather it is! 

Here he comes! 

Such is life! 

Wonderful! 

Help! 

5. 疑问句型 

1) 一般疑问句 

Is he a doctor? 

Do you the way to the station? 

2)反意疑问句 

He is a teacher, isn't he? 

It is quite cheap, don't you think? 

3) 特殊疑问句 

What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare? 

Who is he? 

What is he?(干什么的） 

What is he like? 

How is he? 

How do you like him? 

What do you think of him? 

What ever do you mean by saying this? 

4)选择疑问句 

He is a doctor or a nurse? 

5)间接疑问句 

Do you know how old he is? 

Tell me if (whether) you like it. 

What do you think/say/suppose I should do? 

6.数词句型 

1) 表数目 

It is exactly ten o'clock. 

It is five miles away from here. 

He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20. 

He is under/at most/no more than 20. 

2)表年月日 

He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 

3)表年龄 

He is 20 years old/years of age. 

He is at the age of 10. 

4)表倍数 

It is four times that of last years. 

This is four times as big (again) as that one. 

This is four times bigger than that one. 

The income is double what it was. 

The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 

5)表计量 

It is 10 meters long/wide/high. 

It costs me 100 yuan. 

I spent 10 hours to finish it. 

It took me 10 days to finish it. 

It is worth 100 yuan. 

7. 关联指代句型 

1)两项关连 

I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. 

I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. 

To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another. 

One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. 

Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 

2)先后顺序 

First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything. 

First stop, then look, finally cross. 

At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent. 

3)修饰限制 

This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 

This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书） 

Don't trust such a man as over praise you. 

He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear. 

A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. 

The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 

4) 两项连接 

He can speak not only English but also French. 

The book is both interesting and instructive. 

It is neither cold nor hot. 

Please either come in or go out. 

The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 

5)加和关系 

Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. 

Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. 

In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. 

I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. 

You seem to like tea, so do I. 

8. 比较句型 

1)等比句 

He is as tall as I. 

He is the same height as I. 

She is no less diligent than he. 

The lab is no better than a cottage. 

2) 差比句 

I speak English worse than he does. 

He is not so/as tall as I am. 

Our knowledge is much inferior to their. 

3) 极比句 

He is the tallest of all in the class. 

None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see. 

Nothing is so easy as this. 

4)比例句 

The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知）. 

5) 择比句 

He is taller than any other boy in the class 

It is better late than never. 

They would die than live as slaves 

He prefers doing to talking 

He prefers to do rather than to talk. 

He prefers mathematics to English. 

I'd rather stay here. 

6)对比句 

You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. 

They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 

9.比喻句型 

We must work like him. 

He behaves as his father does. 

He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner. 

10.条件假设句 

1) 一般事实 

If we succeed, what will the people say? 

Suppose it rains, what shall we do? 

Persevere(坚持） and you'll succeed. 

2)虚拟条件句 

If I were you, I would go. 

If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 

3)反条件句 

Unless you try, you'll never succeed. 

Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot. 

4)唯一条件句 

If only I have another chance, I shall do better. 

Only in this way can we learn English well. 

So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed. 

5)推论条件句 

Since that is so, there is no more to say. 

Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior. 

11. 时间句型 

1)一般时 

When I see him, I'll tell him. 

2) 表同时 

You'll grow wiser as you grow older. 

Work while you work, play while you play. 

He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music. 

3)限制时 

Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out. 

By the time that we got there, he was out. 

4)交替时 

Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. 

At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 

5)先时 

I stopped hem before he began to talk with me. 

6)后时 

I'll tell you after I finish it. 

7)紧接时 

As soon as I see him, I'll tell him. 

Once you begin, you must continue. 

The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him. 

On hearing the news, she bust into tears. 

Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 

8)延续时 

I haven't seen him since I came here. 

A friend is never know till/until a man have need. 

12. 地点句型 

1) 一般地点 

Where have you been? 

Where there is a will, there is a way. 

2)方位 

Hebei lies in the east of China. 

Japan is lies to the east of China. 

The house faces (to) the south. 

He is sitting at the front of the classroom 

He is standing in front of/before me. 

He is sitting at the back of/behind me. 

He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. 

He is sitting next to/besides me. 

He is sitting close to/near me. 

At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. 

He is sitting on the left/right. 

The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 

13.原因句型 

He didn't go to school because he was ill. 

Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting. 

It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. 

Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. 

I am glad to meet you. 

I am sorry that I hear that. 

Thank you for your help. 

That is why he failed to come. 

He didn't come because of/on account of the weather. 

He went out of curiosity. 

I succeeded thanks to his help. 

This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. 

Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. 

What are studying English for? 

For what reason did you choose this? 

What's the point of asking his to do that? 

How come you never told me about it? 

What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 

14.目的句型 

He stopped aside so that she could go in. 

He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly. 

He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises. 

He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 

15. 结果句型 

It was very cold, so that the river froze. 

They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully. 

He is such a good man that every one likes him. 

He ran so fast that no one could catch him. 

He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. 

I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 

16. 程度句型 

How often do you write to your parents? 

How long do you stay at home? 

It is so beautiful that we all love it. 

It is too big for you. 

He is too excited to speak. 

He is not old enough to know this. 

The letter must be sent as soon as possible 

You must work as hard as you can. 

As far as I know, I can speak only English. 

17. 让步句型 

Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off. 

Yang as he is, he know a lot of things. 

Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud. 

No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it. 

Keep calm, whatever happens. 

In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. 

Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end. 

18. 转折句型 

I searched everywhere but could not find him. 

You may go, only return quickly. 

He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. 

It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. 

He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. 

He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though. 

19. 省略句 

I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so. 

Why not come earlier next time? 

Selected from English Sentence Patterns by Lei Xin

5. 英语五种基本句型

英语五种基本句型结构



发表时间：2010-11-30 19:51:36作者：钟超韫来源：


英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。3）Spring is coming.4) We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Verb (谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。四、句型4： Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋ Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5： Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。

6. 英语五种基本句型及例句

一： S +V    （主＋谓） Time flies;
二： S +V +P （主＋系＋表）  He is tall;
三： S +V +O  （主＋谓＋宾）He likes dancing;

7. 英语4种基本句型

简单句的五种基本句型 
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： 

S十V主谓结构            主语 ＋ 不及物动词 
S十V十P主系表结构      主语 ＋ 连系动词  ＋表语 

S十V十O主谓宾结构      主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 

S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 

S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
She came．                   

She likes English.                     

She is happy． 
The teacher asked me to read the passage.                     

 She bought a book for me.

8. 有关英语的基本句型

英语五种基本句型列式如下： 

基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 

基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 

基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 

基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 

基本句型五： S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 

基本句型 一 

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 

┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 

┃ S │ V （不及物动词） ┃ 

┠———————————————┼———————————————┨ 

┃1. The sun │was shining. ┃ 

┃2. The moon │rose. ┃ 

┃3. The universe │remains. ┃ 

┃4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. ┃ 

┃5. Who │cares? ┃ 

┃6. What he said │does not matter. ┃ 

┃7. They │talked for half an hour. ┃ 

┃8. The pen │writes smoothly ┃ 

1. 太阳在照耀着。 2. 月亮升起了。 

3. 宇宙长存。 4. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 

5. 管它呢？ 6. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 

7. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. 这支笔书写流利。 

基本句型 二 

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。 
┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 

┃ S │V（是系动词）│ P ┃ 

┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨ 

┃1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.┃ 

┃2. The dinner │smells │good. ┃ 

┃3. He │fell │in love. ┃ 

┃4. Everything │looks │different. ┃ 

┃5. He │is growing │tall and strong. ┃ 

┃6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. ┃ 

┃7. Our well │has gone │dry. ┃ 

┃8. His face │turned │red. ┃ 

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 

1. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. 午餐的气味很好。 

3. 他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。 

5. 他长得又高又壮。 6. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 

7. 我们的井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。 

基本句型 三 

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 

┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 

┃ S │V（及物动词）│ O ┃ 

┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨ 

┃1. Who │knows │the answer? ┃ 

┃2. She │smiled │her thanks. ┃ 

┃3. He │has refused │to help them. ┃ 

┃4. He │enjoys │reading. ┃ 

┃5. They │ate │what was left over. ┃ 

┃6. He │said │"Good morning." ┃ 

┃7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. ┃ 

┃8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. ┃ 

┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 

1. 谁知道答案？ 2. 她微笑表示感谢。 

3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。 4. 他喜欢看书。 

5. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. 他说：“早上好！” 

7. 我想喝杯茶。 8. 他承认犯了错误。 

基本句型 四 

此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 

┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 

┃ S │V（及物）│ o（多指人） │ O（多指物） ┃ 

┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨ 

┃1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. ┃ 

┃2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. ┃ 

┃3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. ┃ 

┃4. He │denies │her │nothing. ┃ 

┃5. I │showed │him │my pictures. ┃ 

┃6. I │gave │my car │a wash. ┃ 

┃7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. ┃ 

┃8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. ┃ 

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 

1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。 

3. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 

5. 我给他看我的照片。 6. 我洗了我的汽车。 

7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. 他教我开机器。 

基本句型 五 

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 

不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 

┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ 

┃ S │V（及物）│ O（宾语） │ C（宾补） ┃ 

┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨ 

┃1. They │appointed │him │manager. ┃ 

┃2. They │painted │the door │green. ┃ 

┃3. This │set │them │thinking. ┃ 

┃4. They │found │the house │deserted. ┃ 

┃5. What │makes │him │think so? ┃ 

┃6. We │saw │him │out. ┃ 

┃7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. ┃ 

┃8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. ┃ 

┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ 

1. 他们任命他当经理。 2. 他们把门漆成绿色。 

3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 

5. 他怎么会这样想？ 6. 我们送他出去。 

7. 他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的 

成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而 

加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是 

各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句 

型五为例： 

We found the hall full. 

我们发现礼堂坐满了。 

We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。 

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- 

ing to an important report. 

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。 

We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen- 

ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People's 

Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 

我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关 

东欧局势的重要报告。 

不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类 

型。以 get 为例： 

He's getting angry. (S V C) 

He got through the window. (S V M) 

You'll get a surprise. (S V O) 

He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O C) 

He got himself into trouble. (S V O M) 

He got her a splendid present. (S V 0 O) 

在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思: 

I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M） 

I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C） 

I have to do something. 我得做点事。 

I have something to do. 我有点事做。