xntpd自动关闭问题求助
2024-05-16
1. xntpd自动关闭问题求助
rpm -Uvh ******.rpmwllgnxl99(站内联系TA)您说的是hp-unix系统吗？bay__gulf(站内联系TA)说的红帽系列，如红帽，红旗，suse等。hpunix没有用过。 make 是gcc 包中的一个软件，安装了gcc 就有make了madonion(站内联系TA)hp ux就玩过一会别人的，安装软件应该用swintall命令吧，你上网搜搜hpux下的gcc下载下来解压应该是depot文件把，然后swinstall。我也没有ho9000的机器，就是赖着别人的玩玩。另外，hpux自己带的编译器好像叫acc吧。反正hpux我也不太会，期待高手。 ?咛遄肮?裁淳筒皇呛芮宄?耍?抑挥杏懈龅腿ㄏ薜挠没?adonion(站内联系TA)安藤的话自己下载个ia64的linux装上就结了么wllgnxl99(站内联系TA)这个问题我已经解决了，但是又遇上新问题了就是不知道小型机的hp-unix系统应该用什么数学库，问hp公司他们也不太明白！ ntpq 命令开启NTP查询程序，你man一下ntpq就知道了其作用， ntpq -p，-p参数显示所有已知的连接到NTP服务器的客户机信息列表以及他们的状态汇总，你这个结果显然是目前没有连接到NTP服务器的客户端。 自己多看看文档有帮助的
2. 请教unix服务器上ntpd服务的一个参数问题
ntpd -x -- 这里的这个-x代表加一个参数，x 可以是c, f, k, p, P, r, s, t, U等等中的一个字母。
详细说明，可以看一下ntpd的man page. 如：
-bash-3.00$ man ntpd
Reformatting page. Please Wait... done
System Administration Commands ntpd(1M)
NAME
ntpd - Network Time Protocol daemon Version 4
SYNOPSIS
/usr/lib/inet/ntpd [-46aAbdDgLmnNqvx] [-c conffile]
[-f driftfile] [-k keyfile] [-l logfile] [-p pidfile]
[-P priority] [-r broadcastdelay] [-s statsdir]
[-t trustedkey] [-U interface_update_time]
DESCRIPTION
The ntpd program is an operating system daemon that syn-
chronises the system clock with remote NTP time servers or
local reference clocks. It is a complete implementation of
the Network Time Protocol (NTP) version 4, but also retains
compatibility with version 3, as defined by RFC 1305, and
versions 1 and 2, as defined by RFC 1059 and RFC 1119,
respectively.
。。。
man page中还有对各参数的详细介绍。
OPTIONS
-4, --ipv4
Force DNS resolution of following host names on the
command line to the IPv4 namespace. Cannot be used with
the --ipv6 option.
-6, --ipv6
Force DNS resolution of following host names on the
command line to the IPv6 namespace. Cannot be used with
the --ipv6 option.
-a, --authreq
Require cryptographic authentication for broadcast
client, multicast client and symmetric passive associa-
tions. This is the default. This option must not
appear with authnoreq option.
-A, --authnoreq
Do not require cryptographic authentication for broad-
cast client, multicast client and symmetric passive
associations. This is almost never a good idea. This
option must not appear with the authreq option.
-b, --bcastsync
Enable the client to sync to broadcast servers.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 5
System Administration Commands ntpd(1M)
-c string, --configfile=string
The name and path of the configuration file,
/etc/inet/ntp.conf by default.
-d, --debug-level
Increase output debug message level. This option may
appear an unlimited number of times.
-D string, --set-debug-level=string
Set the output debugging level. Can be supplied multi-
ple times, but each overrides the previous value(s).
-f string, --driftfile=string
The name and path of the frequency file,
/var/ntp/ntp.drift by default.
-g, --panicgate
Allow the first adjustment to exceed the panic limit.
Normally, ntpd exits with a message to the system log
if the offset exceeds the panic threshold, which is
1000s by default. This option allows the time to be set
to any value without restriction; however, this can
happen only once. If the threshold is exceeded after
that, ntpd will exit with a message to the system log.
This option can be used with the -q and -x options.
See the tinker configuration file directive for other
options.
-k string, --keyfile=string
Specify the name and path of the symmetric key file.
/etc/inet/ntp.keys is the default.
-l string, --logfile=string
Specify the name and path of the log file. The default
is the system log file.
-L, --novirtualips
Do not listen to virtual IPs. The default is to listen.
-n, --nofork
Do not fork.
-N, --nice
To the extent permitted by the operating system, run
ntpd at the highest priority.
-p string, --pidfile=string
Specify the name and path of the file used to record
ntpd's process ID.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 6
System Administration Commands ntpd(1M)
-P number, --priority=number
To the extent permitted by the operating system, run
ntpd at the specified sched_setscheduler(SCHED_FIFO)
priority.
-q, --quit
Set the time and quit. ntpd will exit just after the
first time the clock is set. This behavior mimics that
of the ntpdate program, which is to be retired. The -g
and -x options can be used with this option. Note: The
kernel time discipline is disabled with this option.
-r string, --propagationdelay=string
Specify the default propagation delay from the
broadcast/multicast server to this client. This is
necessary only if the delay cannot be computed automat-
ically by the protocol.
-s string, --statsdir=string
Specify the directory path for files created by the
statistics facility. This is the same operation as the
statsdir statsdir command.
-t number, --trustedkey=number
Add a key number to the trusted key list. This option
can occur more than once. This is the same operation as
the trustedkey key command.
-U number, --updateinterval=number
interval in seconds between scans for new or dropped
interfaces. This option takes an integer number as its
argument.
Give the time in seconds between two scans for new or
dropped interfaces. For systems with routing socket
support the scans will be performed shortly after the
interface change has been detected by the system. Use
0 to disable scanning. 60 seconds is the minimum time
between scans.
--var=nvar
make ARG an ntp variable (RW). This option may appear
an unlimited number of times.
--dvar=ndvar
make ARG an ntp variable (RW|DEF). This option may
appear an unlimited number of times.
-x, --slew
Slew up to 600 seconds.
SunOS 5.10 Last change: 7
System Administration Commands ntpd(1M)
Normally, the time is slewed if the offset is less than
the step threshold, which is 128 ms by default, and
stepped if above the threshold. This option sets the
threshold to 600 s, which is well within the accuracy
window to set the clock manually. Note: Since the slew
rate of typical Unix kernels is limited to 0.5 ms/s,
each second of adjustment requires an amortization
interval of 2000 s. Thus, an adjustment as much as 600
s will take almost 14 days to complete. This option
can be used with the -g and -q options. See the tinker
configuration file directive for other options. Note:
The kernel time discipline is disabled with this
option.
-?, --help
Display usage information and exit.
-!, --more-help
Extended usage information passed thru pager.
--version
Output version of program and exit.
3. 搭建NTP服务器 客户机同步的是总报这个是什么意思？？23 May 22:33:08 ntpdate[6006]: the NTP socket is
您收到此错误消息的原因是由于 xntpd 已经绑定到了该 Socket。运行 ntpdate 时，它会首先进行广播，然后侦听端口 123。如果 xntpd 正在运行，而有一个进程已经在侦听该端口了，则会使 ntpdate 无法在上面运行。运行下列命令，即可找出 xntpd 的 PID ps -ef|grep xntpd 清除 (Kill) 该进程，然后尝试再次与 ntp 服务器进行同步。此时您不应该收到此错误消息。 请注意，如果您尝试与之同步的服务器没有运行 xntpd，则会收到下列错误消息: ntpdate[12573]: no server suitable for synchronization found 出现这种情况的原因是，如果您想使用另一个服务器的时间，该服务器必须已经进行了自身同步。
4. 哪个版本的Linux占硬盘空间最小？
还没有具体看过,呵呵.不过给你贴份我的收藏.
主流服务器UNIX操作系统用户帐号的设置
账号设置 HP-UX FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC)
密码文件 /etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root /etc/passwd
/etc/master.passwd /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
组文件 /etc/group
/etc/logingroup /etc/group /etc/group
允许最大用户ID 2147483647 65535 2147483647
允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/securetty
{console} /etc/ttys
{secure} /etc/default/login
{CONSOLE=/dev/console}
Nobody的UID -2 65534 60001 & 65534(nobody4)
Nobody的GID -2(nogroup) 65534 60002 & 65534(nogroup)
找回ROOT密码 >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS
passwd root ok boot -s
passwd root boot cdrom -s
mkdir /tmp/a
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a
vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow
创建新用户 useradd adduser Useradd
删除用户 userdel rmuser Userdel
列出用户 logins Logins
修改用户账号 usermod Usermod
账号设置 AIX Linux( RedHat )
密码文件 /etc/passwd
/etc/security/passwd /etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
组文件 /etc/group
/etc/security/group /etc/group
允许最大用户ID 4294967295 65535
允许远程登录的用户文件设置 /etc/security/user
{rlogin=true} /etc/securetty
{ttyp1}
Nobody的UID 4294967294 99
Nobody的GID 4294967294 99
找回ROOT密码 Boot from CD/Tape
Installation/Maintenance
Start Limited Shell
getrootfs hdisk0
vi /etc/security/passwd {lilo}
control-x
linux S
passwd root
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot
passwd root
创建新用户 mkuser Useradd
删除用户 rmuser Userdel
列出用户 lsuser -f ALL
修改用户账号 chuser -a usermod
主流服务器UNIX操作系统目录结构对比
Directory Mappings AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Root filesystem / {/dev/hd4} / {/dev/ad0s1a} / {/dev/vg00/lvol1}
Home Directory /home {/dev/hd1} /home {/dev/vg00/lvol4}
/tmp {/dev/hd3} /tmp {/dev/vg00/lvol6}
/usr {/dev/hd2} /usr {/dev/ad0s1f} /usr {/dev/vg00/lvol7}
/var {/dev/hd9var} /var {/dev/ad0s1e} /var {/dev/vg00/lvol8}
Sample configuration files - /usr/newconfig
Directory Mappings Linux( RedHat ) Solaris Tru64
Root filesystem / {/dev/sda1} / {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol} / {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory /export/home {dev/vx/dsk/home}
/tmp {dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
/usr /usr {/dev/rz0g}
/var
Sample configuration files
主流服务器UNIX操作系统常用命令
General Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX Linux(RedHat) Solaris Tru64
Unique host ID Hostid uname -i hostid hostid hostid
Administrator Smit Sam linuxconf admintool netconfig
Performance monitor Topas(有过top)
monitor top Top
glance Top top top
System activity reporter Sar sa Sar sar
Virtual Memory statistics Vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat vmstat
I/O statistics Iostat iostat iostat iostat iostat
Error logs alog -o -t boot
errpt dmesg dmesg Dmesg dmesg uerf -R -o full
Physical RAM 1M TB 4TB 64GB{>2.3.24} 16TB 4TB
Shared Memory 64K TB 8TB sysctl kernel.shmmax
Process Data Space 384K TB 4TB 900 MB
Swap device /dev/hd6 /dev/ad0s1b /dev/vg00/lvol2 /dev/sda2 /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol /dev/rz0b
Swap file type /etc/swapspaces swap swap partition type 82 swap raw
Display swap size lsps –a swapinfo swapinfo -a Free swap -l swapon -s
Activate Swap swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swapon -a swap -a swapon -a
主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置
Printers AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Printer Queues /etc/qconfig /var/spool/print /etc/lp/interface/*
Stop LP stopsrc -s lpd lpshut
Start LP startsrc -s lpd Lpd lpsched
Submit print jobs enq
lp
lpr
qprt Lp lp
LP statistics enq -A
lpq
lpstat
qchk Lpq lpstat
Remove print jobs cancel
lprm
qcan
enq –x Cancel
lprm cancel
Add printer queue smit mkpq lpadmin -p pq
Remove Printer Q smit rmpq lpadmin -x pq
Make default Prt export LPDEST="pq" lpadmin -d pq
TCP/IP AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Network IP configuration lsattr -E -l inet0 /etc/rc.conf /etc/rc.config.d/netconf
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/hosts /etc/hosts
Name service switch /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf
Network parameters no –a Sysctl ndd -h
Routing daemon Gated Routed gated
NIC Configurations ifconfig –a ifconfig -a lanscan -v
Secondary IP Addr ifconfig en0 alias IP ifconfig xl0 alias IP ifconfig lan0:1 IP
(solaris also)
Login prompt HERALD @
/etc/security/login.cfg telnetd –b /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |
odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt
chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
reboot rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#
NSTRPY=#
reboot
insf -d ptys -n #
insf -d ptym -n #
insf -d pts -s # -e -v
Maximum # of ptys 512 {MAXUSERS}
Remote Shell Remsh
rsh Rsh remsh
YP/NIS service binder /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
主流服务器UNIX操作系统打印机、TCP/IP设置 续
Printers Linux (Redhat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Printer Queues /var/spool/lpd/lp/* /etc/lp/interfaces/* /usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP /etc/init.d/lpd stop /usr/lib/lp/lpshut /sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP /etc/init.d/lpd start /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs Lpr Lp
lpr Lp
lpr
LP statistics Lpq Lpstat Lpstat
Remove print jobs Lprm Cancel
lprm cancel
lprm
Add printer queue Printtool lpadmin -p pq Lprsetup
Remove Printer Q lpadmin -x pq Lprsetup
Make default Prt lpadmin -d pq export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP Linux( RedHat ) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Network IP configuration /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/hostname.*
/etc/inet/*
/etc/defaultrouter /etc/rc.config
Hosts IP addresses /etc/hosts /etc/inet/hosts /etc/hosts
Name service switch /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/svc.conf
Network parameters sysctl -a | grep net Ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
Routing daemon routed in.routed routed
NIC Configurations ifconfig -a ifconfig –a ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Addr modprobe ip_alias
ifconfig eth0:1 IP ifconfig hme0:1 IP up ifconfig ln0 alias
Login prompt /etc/issue BANNER @
/etc/default/telnetd /etc/issue
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals cd /dev
./MAKEDEV -v pty {/etc/system}
set pt_cnt = # {SYSV}
set npty = # {BSD}
{/etc/iu.ap}
ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
halt
boot –r cd /dev
./MAKEDEV PTY_1
Maximum # of ptys 256 176 {BSD}
3000 {SYSV} 8192
Remote Shell rsh Rsh rsh
YP/NIS service binder /sbin/ypbind /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind /usr/sbin/ypbin
主流服务器UNIX操作系统系统文件
System Files AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/exports /etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories /etc/xtab /etc/xtab
Max File System 128 GB 128 GB
Max File Size 64 GB 128 GB
Max # File Descriptors 64 K 60~ K
System Files Linux (RedHat) Solaris Tru64
NFS exported /etc/exports /etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/exports
NFS Client mounted directories /var/lib/nfs/xtab /etc/rmtab /var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System 2 TB 1 TB
8000 TB {vxfs} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size 2 GB {512B block size}
8192 GB {8KB block size} 1 TB
2 GB {=<2.5.1} 128 GB {<= 3.2G}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors sysctl fs.file-max 64 K 64 K
主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令
DISK/LVM Commands AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Filesystem table /etc/filesystems /etc/fstab /etc/fstab
Free disk blocks df -k df -k Bdf
Device listing lsdev -C /sbin/ioscan
Disk information bootinfo -s hdisk# fdisk -v ad0 diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#
Disk Label lspv -l hdisk# disklabel ad0 pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#
LVM Concepts Partition sub disk logical extents
Volume Volume logical volume
Plex
Volume group volume group
Journal Filesystem type jfs Vxfs
Default volume group /dev/rootvg /dev/vg00
Display volume group lsvg -l rootvg vgdisplay -v vg00
Modify physical volume chpv Pvchange
Prepare physical disk mkdev -c disk -l hdisk# pvcreate
List physical volume lspv vinum ld pvdisplay
Remove disk from volume group reducevg vgreduce
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes migratepv vinum move -f drive object pvmove
Create volume group mkvg vgcreate
Remove volume group vgremove
Volume group availability chvg
varyonvg
varyoffvg vgchange
Restore volume group vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group exportvg vgexport
Imports volume group importvg vgimport
Volume group listing lsvg Vgscan 是一样的么？
Change logical volume characteristics chlv lvchange
List logical volume lslv vinum lv lvdisplay
Make logical volume mklv lvcreate
Extend logical volume extendlv lvextend
Reduce logical volume AIX reduce LV Lvreduce 如何用？
Remove logical volume rmlv vinum rm vol lvremove
Prepare boot volumes bootlist -m normal lvlnboot
Remove boot volumes lvrmboot
Extend File system chfs -a size=# /mt extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8
fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt
Reduce/Split mirrors rmlvcopy lvsplit
Merge mirrors lvmerge
Create mirrors mklv -c 2 vinum mirror drive lvcreate -m 1
Add mirrors mklvcopy lv 2 lvextend -m 1
Create striped volumes mklv -u 3 -S 64K vinum stripe drive lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
System recovery tape mksysb -i /dev/rmt0 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery
Backup savevg -i rootvg vinum saveconfig fbackup
Restore restvg frecover
主流服务器UNIX操作系统磁盘与逻辑卷命令 续
DISK/LVM Commands Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Filesystem table /etc/fstab /etc/vfstab /etc/fstab
Free disk blocks df -k df –k df -k
Device listing cat /proc/devices Sysdef
Disk information cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model format -d c#t#d#
format>current
format>inquiry file /dev/rrz0c
Disk Label fdisk -l Prtvtoc disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts logical extents sub disk sub disk
logical volume Volume Volume
Plex Plex
volume group disk group disk group
Journal Filesystem type ext2 居然是jfs的？ Vxfs Advfs 居然是jfs的？
Default volume group /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg
居然有 vg？ /dev/vol/rootdg
居然有 vg？
Display volume group vgdisplay -v vxprint -l -g rootdg volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume pvchange
Prepare physical disk pvcreate vxdiskadd voldiskadd
List physical volume pvdisplay vxprint -dl volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group vgreduce vxdg rmdisk voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes pvmove vxassist move volassist move
Create volume group vgcreate vxdg init voldg init
Remove volume group vgremove
Volume group availability vgchange
Restore volume group vgcfgrestore
Exports volume group vgexport vxdg deport voldg deport
Imports volume group vgimport vxdg import voldg import
Volume group listing vgscan
Change logical volume characteristics lvchange vxedit set voledit set
List logical volume lvdisplay vxprint -vl volprint -vl
Make logical volume lvcreate vxassist make volassist make
Extend logical volume lvextend vxassist growto volassist growto
Reduce logical volume lvreduce vxassist shrinkto volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume lvremove vxedit rm voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes lilo vxbootsetup
Remove boot volumes
Extend File system resize2fs vxva
mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors lvsplit
Merge mirrors lvmerge
Create mirrors vxassist mirror volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors
Create striped volumes lvcreate -i 3 -I 64 vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5 volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape /usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup tar cvf /dev/rst0 / ufsdump vdump
Restore tar xvf /dev/rst0
这一列对不对？ ufsrestore vrestore
主流服务器UNIX操作系统安装与卸载
Software AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Install Software installp -a pkg_add swinstall
Uninstall software installp -u pkg_delete swremove
List installed software lslpp -L all pkg_info -a swlist
Verify installed software lppchk -v swlist -l fileset -a state
List all files lslpp -f fileset pkg_info -L package swlist -l file fileset
List installed patches instfix -i swlist -l patch
what /stand/vmunix
Package owner lslpp -w path swlist -l file | grep path
SW Directory /usr/lpp /var/db/pkg /var/adm/sw/
Software Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Install Software rpm -i package pkgadd setld -l
Uninstall software rpm -e package pkgrm setld -d
List installed software rpm -qa pkginfo setld -i
Verify installed software rpm -V package pkginfo -i
pkginfo -p setld -v
List all files rpm -ql package pkgchk -l package setld -i package
List installed patches patchadd -p dupatch -track -type patch
Package owner rpm -qf file pkgchk -l -p path
SW Directory /var/lib/rpm /var/sadm /var/adm/smlogs
主流服务器UNIX操作系统技术支持信息
Links AIX HP-UX Linux (RedHat)
FAQ AIX-FAQ
HP-UX FAQ 这个和我知道的一个？ LINUX FAQ
Online Manual AIX 4.3 Books
HP-UX 11.00 Collection
Linux Documentation Project
Technical Support RS/6000 TechSupport
IT Resource Center
Red Hat support
Phone Number 1-800-CALL-AIX 1-800-633-3600 1-888-REDHAT1
Free Software Bull
HP-UX Ports
Linux Software Map
Certification www.ibm.com
education.hp.com
RHCE
Links FreeBSD Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
FAQ FreeBSD FAQ
Solaris 2 FAQ
Tru64 FAQ
Online Manual FreeBSD Hand Book
Solaris 7 Documentation
Tru64 Documents
Technical Support SunSolve
Alpha Systems Support
Phone Number 1-800-USA-4SUN
Free Software FreeBSD Primary Site
Sun Freeware
Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware
Certification suned.sun.com
ASE Information
主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令
MISC AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Startup script /etc/rc /etc/rc /sbin/rc
Kernel /usr/lib/boot/unix_up /kernel /stand/vmunix
Kernel Parameters lsattr -E -l sys0 sysctl -a sysdef kmtune kmsystem
Reconfigure the kernel
chdev -l sys0 -a cd /sys/i386/conf
vi KERNEL
config KERNEL
cd ../../compile\
/KERNEL
make depend
make
make install cd /stand/build\
/usr/lbin/sysadm\
/system_prep -v -s system
vi system
mk_kernel -s system
cd /stand
mv system system.prev
mv vmunix vmunix.prev
mv dlkm dlkm.prev
mv /stand/build\
/system system
kmupdate /stand/build\
/vmunix_test
List modules genkex kldstat kmadmin –s
Load module kldload kmadmin –L
Unload module kldunload kmadmin –U
Initialize system install_assist /stand/sysinstall set_parms initial
Physical RAM bootinfo -r sysctl hw.physmem grep -i Physical\ /var/adm/syslog\
/syslog.log
Kernel Bits bootinfo -k getconf KERNEL_BITS
Crash utility Crash crash Adb
Trace System Calls Syscalls truss tusc
Machine model uname -m
bootinfo -m uname -m model
uname -m
OS Level Oslevel uname -r uname -r
Run Level who –r who -r
Core dump files /var/adm/ras /var/adm/crash
Boot single user Key on service mode/F4
Boot from CD/Tape
Select Maintenance
Limited function Shell ok boot –s >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -iS
Maintenance mode ok boot –as >boot
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm
Interrupt Key control-B
Return to console Co
Timezone Management /etc/environment
/etc/profile /etc/localtime /etc/TIMEZONE
NTP Daemon
如何用它？ /etc/ntp.conf
startsrc -s xntpd /etc/rc.conf {xntpd enable="YES"}
/etc/rc.network /etc/rc.config.d\
/netdaemons
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
主流服务器UNIX操作系统其它命令 续
MISC Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Startup script /etc/rc.d/rc /sbin/init.d /sbin/init.d
Kernel /boot/vmlinuz /kernel/genunix /vmunix
Kernel Parameters sysctl -a sysdef –I sysconfig dxkerneltuner
Reconfigure the kernel cd /usr/src/linux
make mrproper
make menuconfig
make dep;clean;bzImage;install
make modules
make modules_install
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.img 2.4
vi /etc/lilo.conf
lilo vi /etc/system
reboot doconfig
List modules lsmod modinfo
Load module insmod modload
Unload module rmmod modunload
Initialize system netconf sys-unconfig netsetup
Physical RAM free prtconf uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits getconf WORD_BIT isainfo -kv 64
Crash utility lcrash
crash kdbx
Trace System Calls strace truss trace
Machine model uname -m uname -imp uname -p
OS Level uname -r uname -r sizer -v
Run Level runlevel who -r who -r
Core dump files /var/crash/`uname -n`
Boot single user {lilo}
control-x
linux S
{grub}
c
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single ro root=/dev/hda8
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
boot ok boot -s >>> boot -fl s
Maintenance mode ok boot -as
Interrupt Key Stop-A control-P
Return to console ok go
Timezone Management /etc/sysconfig/clock /etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init /etc/svid3_tz
timezone
NTP Daemon /etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd /etc/inet/ntp.conf
/etc/init.d/xntpd rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
主流服务器UNIX操作系统设备管理
Devices AIX FreeBSD HP-UX
Devices /dev /dev /dev
Install devices for attached peripherals cfgmgr –v /dev/MAKEDEV insf -e
Remove device rmdev –l rmsf
Device drivers Lscfg lsdev
CPU lsdev -Cc processor sysctl hw.model ioscan -fnC processor
List Terminal lsdev -Cc tty ioscan -fnC tty
Diagnostics Diag pciconf -l Stm
Whole Disk /dev/hdisk# /dev/ad0s1c /dev/dsk/c#t#d0
CDROM /dev/cd0 /dev/acd0c /dev/dsk/c#t2d0
CDROM file type Cdrfs cd9660 Cdfs
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0 /dev/rwt0d /dev/rmt/0m
Floppy drive /dev/rfd0 /dev/fd0 -
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/rmt0.1 /dev/nrwt0d /dev/rmt/0mn
Devices Linux (RedHat) Solaris (SPARC) Tru64
Devices /dev /devices /dev
Install devices for attached peripherals /dev/MAKEDEV drvconfig
devlinks
disks
tapes
ports scu scan edt
scsimgr -scan_all
Remove device rem_drv
Device drivers prtconf -D
CPU cat /proc/cpuinfo psrinfo -v psrinfo -v
List Terminal pmadm -l
Diagnostics /usr/platform/`uname -m`/
sbin/prtdiag
ok test-all
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk /dev/sda /dev/c#t#d0s2 /dev/rz0c
CDROM /dev/cdrom /dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2 /dev/rz3c
CDROM file type iso9660 hsfs cdfs
Rewinding tape drive /dev/rst0 {c 9 0} /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rmt0
Floppy drive /dev/fd0 /dev/diskette /dev/fd0c
Non-rewinding tape drive /dev/nrst0 {c 9 128} /dev/rmt/0n /dev/nrmt0
5. AIX ORACLE INS 10102
以下在AIX 6.1+Veritas CFS环境上安装11gR2 RAC : 1. 11gR2 GI/RAC安装预备工作 1.1 安装环境： 硬件环境为2节点IBM p系列小型机，每个节点物理CPU数目32个，内存509440 MB，交换空间32768MB操作系统版本为64bit AIX 6.1(6100-06-09-1228)。 Setting Value Machine and version AIX macleandb-007 1 6 00F71C964C00 Fully qualified host name macleandb-007 Platform 64-bit AIX O/S Version 6.1.0.0 O/S Maintenance Level 6100-06 O/S Service Pack Level 6100-06-09-1228 Logged in as oracle Last run as uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1200(dba),1300(asmdba) Executed as Oracle home owner? Yes RDA home directory /oracle/rda RDA work directory /oracle/rda Output file prefix RDA Output file directory /oracle/rda/output Setup profile DB11g Perform network pings? No Item Value Processor(s) 32 Processor(s) Installed [01]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [02]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [03]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [04]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [05]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [06]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [07]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [08]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [09]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [10]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [11]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [12]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [13]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [14]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [15]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [16]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [17]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [18]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [19]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [20]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [21]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [22]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [23]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [24]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [25]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [26]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [27]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [28]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [29]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [30]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [31]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz [32]: PowerPC_POWER7 3864 MHz Total Physical Memory 509440 MB Swap: Max Size 32768 MiB Swap: Percent Used 1% 1.1 网络环境： 对于每台机器，需要配置： 1 个机器固有IP 地址（Public IP）和对应的机器名，在DNS 中注册，或者写到 /etc/hosts 文件中。 1 个虚拟IP 地址（Virtual IP）和对应的服务名，在DNS 中注册，或者写到 /etc/hosts 文件中。（与Public IP 不同，但必须处于同一网段） 1 个互联IP 地址（Private IP）和对应的私有名，写到/etc/hosts 文件中。（这类IP 地址建议采用如: 172.168.*.* 或192.168.*.*网段的地址） 3 个SCAN IP地址，在DNS中注册，不适用DNS的情况下配置1个SCAN IP到/etc/hosts 中 Node Interface Name Type Ip Address Registered in macleandb-007 macleandb-007 Public 192.168.18.227 /etc/hosts macleandb-008 macleandb-008 Public 192.168.18.231 /etc/hosts macleandb-007 macleandb-007-vip VIP 192.168.18.226 /etc/hosts macleandb-008 macleandb-008-vip VIP 192.168.18.230 /etc/hosts macleandb-008 macleandb-scan1 SCAN IP 192.168.18.224 /etc/hosts macleandb-007 macleandb-007-priva Private 172.168.1.101 /etc/hosts macleandb-008 macleandb-008-priva Private 172.168.1.102 /etc/hosts macleandb-007 macleandb-007-privb Private 172.168.2.101 /etc/hosts macleandb-008 macleandb-008-privb Private 172.168.2.102 /etc/hosts 使用FTP测试网络传输速率，2节点传输文件平均速度为50M/s: macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008-priva:/oracleThe authenticity of host ‘macleandb-008-priva (172.168.1.102)’ can’t be established.RSA key fingerprint is b1:2e:4f:40:7f:46:39:2d:ae:21:86:6f:75:bb:92:32.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added ‘macleandb-008-priva,172.168.1.102′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts.p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip 20% 343MB 47.3MB/s 00:28 ETAKilled by signal 2. macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008-privb:/oracle The authenticity of host ‘macleandb-008-privb (172.168.2.102)’ can’t be established. RSA key fingerprint is b1:2e:4f:40:7f:46:39:2d:ae:21:86:6f:75:bb:92:32. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added ‘macleandb-008-privb,172.168.2.102′ (RSA) to the list of known hosts. p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip 11% 202MB 51.2MB/s 00:28 ETAKilled by signal 2. macleandb-007 # macleandb-007 # scp p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip macleandb-008:/oracle p10404530_112030_AIX64-5L_1of7.zip 17% 299MB 50.6MB/s 00:27 ETAKilled by signal 2. 1.1 缺省网关： 在每台机器上都要对于公网接口定义缺省网关。 定义网关是为了跨网段的客户端和应用服务器可以访问数据库服务器；如果操作系统已经 配置了静态或动态路由，此处无需再配置网关。 1.2 时钟同步： 11.2中使用GI自带的CTSSD节点间时间同步服务，不开启NTPD时间同步守护进程。 NTP is not required for 11gR2 since we have the Cluster Time Synchronization Service (CTSD), but if youare using NTP you need to use it with â..-xâ.. option:Checking: ps -ef |grep ntpsIf it has no -x option do below steps: · a. Open the /etc/rc.tcpip file, and locate the following line: start /usr/sbin/xntpd “$src_running” · b. Change the line to the following: start /usr/sbin/xntpd “$src_running” “-x” · c. Save the file. 1.3 用户和组： 创建必要的grid和oracle用户，以及oinstall、dba等组，保持在2个节点间的UID、GID一致 macleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1000′ adms=’root’ oinstallmacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1100′ adms=’root’ asmadminmacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1200′ adms=’root’ dbamacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1300′ adms=’root’ asmdbamacleandb-007 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1301′ adms=’root’ asmopermacleandb-007 # mkuser id=’1100′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper’ home=’/home/grid’ gridmacleandb-007 # mkuser id=’1101′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’dba,asmdba’ home=’/home/oracle’ oracle macleandb-007 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-007 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-007 # chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-007 # chown grid:oinstall /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-007 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-007 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1000′ adms=’root’ oinstall macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1100′ adms=’root’ asmadmin macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1200′ adms=’root’ dba macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1300′ adms=’root’ asmdba macleandb-008 # mkgroup -’A’ id=’1301′ adms=’root’ asmoper macleandb-008 # mkuser id=’1100′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper’ home=’/home/grid’ grid macleandb-008 # mkuser id=’1101′ pgrp=’oinstall’ groups=’dba,asmdba’ home=’/home/oracle’ oracle macleandb-008 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-008 # mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-008 # chown oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-008 # chown grid:oinstall /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-008 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 macleandb-008 # chmod 755 /oracle/app/product/grid macleandb-007 # id oracle uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1200(dba),1300(asmdba) macleandb-007 # id grid uid=1100(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1100(asmadmin),1300(asmdba),1301(asmoper) macleandb-008 # id oracle uid=1101(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1200(dba),1300(asmdba) macleandb-008 # id grid uid=1100(grid) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1100(asmadmin),1300(asmdba),1301(asmoper) 赋予grid用户CAP_NUMA_ATTACH等权限: macleandb-008 # lsuser -a capabilities gridgridmacleandb-008 # chuser capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE gridmacleandb-008 # lsuser -a capabilities gridgrid capabilities=CAP_NUMA_ATTACH,CAP_BYPASS_RAC_VMM,CAP_PROPAGATE 1.1 用户profile： 在profile文件中为Oracle和Grid用户配置必要的环境变量参数： Grid profileumask 022export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=Sexport ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/grid export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH export CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib oracle profile umask 022 export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH export LIBPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data export NLS_LANG=”Simplified Chinese”_China.AL32UTF8 1.1 配置oracle和grid用户的shell limit参数： 可以通过smitty chuser或者 修改/etc/security/limits配置文件配置用户的shell limit参数： macleandb-007 # cat /etc/security/limitsoracle:fsize = -1data = -1stack = -1 core = -1 rss = -1 nofiles = -1 grid: fsize = -1 data = -1 stack = -1 core = -1 rss = -1 nofiles = -1 $ ulimit -a time(seconds) unlimited file(blocks) unlimited data(kbytes) unlimited stack(kbytes) 4194304 memory(kbytes) unlimited coredump(blocks) unlimited nofiles(descriptors) unlimited threads(per process) unlimited processes(per user) unlimited macleandb-008 # cat /etc/security/limits oracle: fsize = -1 data = -1 stack = -1 core = -1 rss = -1 nofiles = -1 grid: fsize = -1 data = -1 stack = -1 core = -1 rss = -1 nofiles = -1 $ ulimit -a time(seconds) unlimited file(blocks) unlimited data(kbytes) unlimited stack(kbytes) 4194304 memory(kbytes) unlimited coredump(blocks) unlimited nofiles(descriptors) unlimited threads(per process) unlimited processes(per user) unlimited
6. 关于HP-UNIX下使用ntpq -p 的问题
ntpq 命令开启NTP查询程序，你man一下ntpq就知道了其作用， ntpq -p，-p参数显示所有已知的连接到NTP服务器的客户机信息列表以及他们的状态汇总，你这个结果显然是目前没有连接到NTP服务器的客户端。 自己多看看文档有帮助的 文档部分原文： Purpose Starts the standard Network Time Protocol (NTP) query program. This command only applies to AIX 4.2 or later. -p Displays a list of the peers known to the server and a summary of their state. Same as using the peers subcommand. xntpd是一个关于网络时间协议的守护进程，它遵循了因特网时间服务器的通用标准。在启动 xntpd 时, xntpd 会读取 /etc/ntp.conf 配置文件来确定网络中系统时钟服务器，以 ntp 服务器的系统时间为标准，来调整本机的系统时间。 可以用 ntpq 命令来显示 xntpd 进程的内部变量。使用 ntp 时应注意，xntpd 服务器和 xntpd 客户端的时钟不能相差超过1000秒。若有大于1000秒的偏移，在客户端启动 xntpd 守护进程前，用 data 命令或 ntpdate 命令调整本机的系统时间，使偏移量在1000秒之内。 然后启动 xntpd. 1. 构造一个NTP环境的基本步骤(假设NTP不是运行在SP上): 1.1 设置NTP 服务器 (MASTER) , 其它NTP客户服务器以此服务器的时间为准,与其进行时间同步. 1.1.1 编辑 /etc/ntp.conf 文件, 内容如下: ---------------------------- #broadcastclient server 127.127.1.0 driftfile /etc/ntp.drift tracefile /etc/ntp.trace ---------------------------- 请注意文件中的 server 127.127.1.0 这一行, 此处的127.127.1.0 是一特殊的地址,表示NTP主服务器是与自身的系统时钟同步. 1.1.2 编辑好 /etc/ntp.conf后, 启动xntpd守护进程 # startsrc -s xntpd 也可通过调用smitty , 使 xntpd 在以后重启服务器时能自动启动. # smitty xntpd 1.1.3 xntpd 状态查询 , 使用 #lssrc -ls xntpd 刚启动xntpd时, sys peer 为 'insane', 表明xntpd还没有完成同步, . #lssrc -ls xntpd Program name: --/usr/sbin/xntpd Version: -------3 Leap indicator: 11 (Leap indicator is insane.) Sys peer: ------no peer, system is insane ... 等待 6 - 10 分钟后, sys peer 就不再是 'insane' 了. #lssrc -ls xntpd Program name: --/usr/sbin/xntpd Version: -------3 Leap indicator: 00 (No leap second today.) Sys peer: ------127.127.1.0 ... 1.2. NTP客户端的设置 1.2.1 编辑 NTP 客户端上的 /etc/ntp.conf文件, 内容如下: ---------------------------- #broadcastclient server 9.185.43.189 driftfile /etc/ntp.drift tracefile /etc/ntp.trace ---------------------------- 其中的 server 9.185.43.189 表明, 此客户端与IP地址为 9.185.43.189 的NTP服务器进行时间同步. 1.2.2 在NTP客户端启动xntpd守护进程 # startsrc -s xntpd 也可通过调用smitty , 使 xntpd 在以后重启服务器时能自动启动. # smitty xntpd 1.2.3 查询xntpd的状态 当 system peer 不为 'insane' 时, 表明客户端已与服务器端成功地进行了同步. # lssrc -ls xntpd Program name: --/usr/sbin/xntpd Version: -------3 Leap indicator: 00 (No leap second today.) Sys peer: ------9.185.43.189 ...
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