名词性从句连接词用法归纳

1. 名词性从句连接词用法归纳

名词性从句连接词分类：
1、连接词：that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分）
2、连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, which
3、连接副词：when, where, how, why


用法：（1） That： That 连接名词性从句，只起连接作用，不在从句中做成分。在宾语从句中可以省略。
（2） If 和whether：有是否的含义，表示一般疑问。主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether不能用If。If 和whether也不在从句中做成分，只起连接作用。


（3） 疑问代词who ，whom，whose，what ，which：这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中做名词或代词所做的成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语。缺少连接代词，从句不完整。
（4） 疑问副词when，where，why，how： 这几个连接词不但起连接作用，也在从句中做状语表示时间，地点，原因和方式。

2. 名词性从句的连接词

 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （ 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）◆以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（10个）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever连接副词（7个）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词. whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3. whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用whether）I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.（此时则二者都可以用）5.后面直接跟动词不定式时。6.引导同位语从句时。

3. 怎么选用名词性从句的关系词

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
  名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if,连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever,连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever.
  （1）that的用法.
  ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略.如：
  That they are good at English is known to us all.
  The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
  She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
  ② 宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉.如：
  He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand 
  wine
     Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 
  The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
  ③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达.
  (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that.如：
  It happened that I went out last night.
  It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
  ④that和what的区别.
  that 引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that.如：
  It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.
  ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别.
  同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系.如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词：news、 fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰.如：
  They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
  The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 
  （2）whether和if的用法.
  ①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether.如：
  It all depends on whether they will come back.
  ②后面直接跟or not 时用whether.如：
  I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
  ③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether.如：
  Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
  The question is whether they have so much money.
  ④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能.如：
  We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do 
  it or not.
  ⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能.如：
  The question of whether they are male or female is not impor-
  tant.
  I have not decided whether to go or not.
  ⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if.如：
  Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
  ⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能.如：
  Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
  （3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别.
  ①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分.如：
  Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
  You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
  ②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句.如：
  Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
  Whatever you do, you must do it well.
  ③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句.如：
  No matter what you do, you must do it well.
  No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
  （4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别.
  when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句.如：
  They put forward the question where they could get the money.
  This is the place where the accident happened.
  2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
  （1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时.如：
  Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
  The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
  （2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数.如：
  When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
  When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
  When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
  3、名词性从句的词序
  名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序.如：
  He asked me what was the matter with me.
  We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.
  Whatever you say will interest us all.
  二、精典名题导解
  选择填空
  1. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET  2001)
  A.how          B.after           C.what            D.when
  解析：答案为C.本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法.此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适.
  2. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..
  —Is that _________ you had a few days off ? (NMET  99)
  A.why          B.when           C.what          D.where
  解析：答案为A.此题考查的是从句的用法.根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了.”下面一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?”故用why引导表语从句表示原因.
  3. I hate __________ when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET  98)
  A.it            B.that            C.these           D.them
  解析：答案为A.本题考查的是形式宾语的用法.题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”.该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it.

4. 名词性从句连接副词怎么用？

I want to know how I can apply for the schoolship.
我想知道我怎样才能申请入学。
根据宾语从句结构：I can apply for the schoolship我可以申请入学
因为从句结构是完整的，所以，只能用连词或连接副词，不能用连接代词，因为代词充当从句中的成分。
从意思上来看，用how I can我怎么能……
当然，用whether/if也可以
I want to know whether/if/how/when I can apply for the schoolship.
意思合适，结构合适就行。

5. 名词性从句中选择从属连词,连接副词的区别

应该是名词性从句中连接代词,和连接副词的区别。从句中缺主语、宾语、表语等成分时考虑连接代词，从句为主谓宾完整时用连接副词...
____he
said
is
true.
这个句子中有主语从句，且从句中缺主语，应填上连接代词what.
I
want
to
know
______he
told
a
lie
to
his
teacher.
A、what
B、that
C、why
D
.
who
这个句子中有宾语从句，从句______he
told
a
lie
to
his
teacher句意完整，只考虑填连接副词
故选C

6. 做介词宾语的名词性从句的连接词问题

I'm really looking forward to making new friends and learning English in a way different from ---- we already know.
正确答案是What.
what=the thing which/ that,
你的句子成分分析“做介词宾语的名词性从句”完全正确。

7. 名词性从句如何选择联词？

名词性从句的连接词选用
 
名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。在各种考试中，其最主要的考查内容为连接词的选用。名词性从句的连接词可细分为以下四种：（1）以that来引导从句；（2）以whether/if引导从句；（3）以特殊疑问词引导从句；（4）以关系代词/副词引导从句。
一、以that引导从句
当从句的意思已完整时，名词性从句用that引导，that在从句中不作任何句子成分，仅起连接作用。如：
It is certain that he will do well in his new job. （主语从句）
Do you know that he has been admitted to Beijing University? （宾语从句）
My decision is that we are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. （表语从句）
The news that our team had won the game excited everybody. （同位语从句）
当用that引导从句时，需注意以下情况：
1．在主语从句中，that一般不可省略，尤其是当主语从句位于句首时，它绝对不可省略。如：
That our team had won the game was good news to us.
2．在宾语从句中，that可省略。但当句中有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个宾语从句的that不可省略。如：
    Everybody knows (that) the earth goes round the sun.
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
3．当句子是以it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that不可省略。如：
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
4．that一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，偶尔可在except, but, besides和in（在于…；在…方面）的后面引导宾语从句，that不可省略。如：
Your homework is quite good except that you have made two small mistakes.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work.
在其它介词后面需要用that引导宾语从句时，必须用it作形式宾语。如：
You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
5．在表语从句和同位语从句中，that不可省略。如：
My advice is that you must give up smoking right now.
The fact that he is a thief shocked all of us.
二、以whether/if引导从句
引导名词性从句的whether/if意为“是否”。在使用时，要注意两者存在以下区别。
1．在主语从句中，whether既可引导位于句首的主语从句，也可引导用it作形式主语的主语从句，而if只能引导以it作形式主语的主语从句。如：
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
2．在宾语从句中，当其后紧跟or not时，只能用whether，不能用if。如：
I don’t care whether/if he comes or not.
I don’t care whether or not he comes.
3．在介词后面的宾语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
4．在表语从句和同位语从句中，只能用whether，不能用if。如：
The problem is whether the money will be enough.
I have no idea whether the money will be enough.
三、以特殊疑问词引导从句
英语中所有用来构成特殊疑问句的特殊疑问词均可以用来引导名词性从句，其选择取决于从句句意的需要。如：
It remained unknown who（谁） let out the news.
I don’t know what（什么）I was thinking of.
The problem is where（哪里） we should stay.
My question how（怎样） I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
选择特殊疑问词需注意的情况：
1．要注意特殊疑问词在从句中所担当的句子成分：疑问代词可作主语、宾语和表语，而疑问副词（where, when, why, how）只能作状语。如：
I can’t imagine who did it. （作主语）
I can’t imagine how he did it. （作状语）
2．Who在从句中既能作主语，也能作宾语，而whom只能作宾语。如：
It hasn’t been decided who will manage the company.
They haven’t decided whom they should help.
四、以关系词引导从句
用关系词引导的名词性从句又可称作名词性关系从句，因为它实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。引导这种名词性从句的关系词有：what(=the thing that), whoever(=anyone who), whichever(=anyone/anything that), where(=the place where), when(=the time when)等。如：
What they need is a good rest.
I can judge by what I know of him.
Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
Whichever he likes will be given to him.
We shall not forget when the meeting will be held.
She walked up to where he stood.
用关系词引导名词性从句时需要注意wh-ever与no matter wh-的区别。Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。如：
Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me. (=No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.)（引导让步状语从句）
He would believe whatever I said. （引导宾语从句）
最后，关于名词性从句的连接词要指出的是，根据句意，引导表语从句的还可以是as if/as though, because, as。如：
It looks/seems as if it’s going to rain.             
It was because I got up late.
Things were not as they seemed to be.
但是，当reason作主句的主语时，引导表语从句只能用that，如：
The reason for my absence was that I was ill.

8. 引导名词性从句的连接词有哪些

引导名词性从句的连接词 
  
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句 
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not" 
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.