求几篇经济类英语的文章，不需要很长

1. 求几篇经济类英语的文章，不需要很长

http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/226214635.html?an=1&si=1这个链接还有一篇你看看

From my point of view, generally speaking, china would forced to face many challenges in 2009 due to the undertaking recession issues, but in the global economic world, it would still be expected to act as one of the first countries to get recovered from the recession. 

There are five major issues regards to Chinese economic condition in 2009. First, China will be challenged by the influence from international economic crisis. Secondly, due to the combination impact from the home and abroad, the macroeconomic regulation in China would become more complicated; in another word, it may result in a repeating domestic inflation and deflation. Thirdly, the above situations might have side-effects on Chinese stock market and real estate market; further, the small and medium companies might face serious liquidation issues. In Addition, there is a great possibility of a dramatic decline on the employment rate. Last but not least, it would become tremendous difficulty for government to maintain a balanced financial status and also inject further confidence into Chinese economic.   

To sum up, from the above analysis, it is clear that the economic situation in China for 2009 is not in positive. However, with more focus on Chinese domestic market and increasing living allowances of our lower-income groups, it is possible to achieve a stabilized economic and social position even in such a serious condition.














As we noted previously, the inflation rate (fj) represents an average rate applicable to a specific segment j of the economy. For example, if we are estimating the future cost of a piece of machinery, we should use the inflation rate appropriate the different costs and revenues in our analysis. The following example introduces the complexity of multiple inflation rates.

We will rework example 9.1 using different annual changes (differential escalation rates) in the prices of cash flow components. Suppose that we expect the general rate of inflation (f(-)) to average 6% during the next 5 years. We also expect that the salvage value of the equipment will increase 3% per year, that wages (labor) and overhead will increase 5% per year, and that the cost of material will increase 4% per year. We expect sales revenue to climb at the general inflation rate. Table 10.2 shows the relevant calculations using the income statement format. For simplicity, all cash flows and inflation effects are assumed to occur at year’s end. Determine the net present worth of this investment, using the adjusted-discount method.


正如我们之间所说，通货膨胀率代表了经济某特定方面的平均水平。例如，如果我们在评估一台机器的未来成本的时候，我们需要用适当的通货膨胀率来分析对应的成本和收入。下面的这个例子就来介绍复合通货膨胀率的复杂性。
我们用不同的年度变化（差别增长率）来重新看9.1的例子：假设未来5年的平均通货膨胀率是6%。并假定设备的残值每年增加3%、工资（劳动力）每年增加5%、材料成本每年增加4%，同时假设销售收入适应一般的通货膨胀率。表10.2用损益表的形式显示了相关的运算。简单起见，假设所有的现金流和通货膨胀的影响都发生在当年的年底。请用adjusted-discount的方法确定这项投资的净现值。

2. 关于经济的英语单词

关于经济的英语单词如下：


经济：economy。
经济学的 economic; economical。
经济学会 economic society; economic societies。
经济学家 economist; economist ; plutocnomist。
经济学派 chool of economics; economists; economic school。
经济学史 history of economics; history of economics。
经济学院 1. institute of economics。
经济学者 economist; economic philosopher; cameralist。
纯经济学 pure economics; pure economics。
环境经济学 economics of environment ; environmental economics。
体育经济学 sports economics。
立法经济学 legislative economics; legislative economics。
对外经济学 external economics。

3. 关于经济的英语单词有哪些？

经济：economy;  

经济学的 economic;    economical 
经济学会 economic society;    economic societies 
经济学家 economist;    economist ;    plutocnomist;  &nbs.... 
经济学派 chool of economics;    economists;    economic school  
经济学史 history of economics;    history of economics 
经济学院 1. institute of economics  
经济学者 economist;    economic philosopher;    cameralist 
纯经济学 pure economics;    pure economics 
环境经济学 economics of environment ;    environmental economics;    .... 
体育经济学 sports economics 
立法经济学 legislative economics;    legislative economics 
对外经济学 external economics

希望对你有帮助！

4. 关于经济的英语单词有哪些

经济
n. economy 
    income 
 economy 
英 [ɪ'kɒnəmɪ]  美 [ɪ'kɑnəmi] 

n. 经济；节约；理财

5. 求归纳总结一篇英文经济类文章

五年过后，仍受到金融危机的影响。本文的第一个系列讲诉此动荡的教训，解析它的原因。
随着十年的事后分析，很明显的危机有多重原因。最明显的是金融家本身，尤其是好大喜功的盎格鲁 - 撒克逊的排序，谁声称已经找到一种方法驱逐风险，而事实上，他们只是简单地失去了它的轨道。央行行长和其他监管机构也承担责任，因为这是他们容忍这个愚蠢。宏观经济环境是重要的。 “大缓和”多年低通胀和稳定增长促进了自满和冒险。在亚洲的一个“储蓄过剩”推向了全球利率。一些研究也牵连欧洲银行，美国货币市场借来的贪婪在金融危机前，并利用这些资金购买狡猾证券。所有这些因素来共同培育债务激增，似乎已经成为一种风险较低的世界。
当美国的房地产市场转向，连锁反应暴露在金融体系的脆弱性。池和其他聪明的金融工程并没有为投资者提供保护的承诺。按揭证券大跌值，如果他们可以在所有价值。所谓安全的CDO竟然是不值钱的，尽管评级机构的批准印章。它变得困难几乎任何价格出售可疑资产，或者用它们作为抵押品，这么多的银行依靠短期资金。消防出售价格，反过来，瞬间削弱银行的资本感谢“标志进入市场”的会计规则，要求他们在目前的价格重估其资产，从而承认损失的纸张上可能从来没有真正将产生。

所有金融系统的信任，最终胶水，开始解散前在2007年一年，雷曼兄弟的破产，银行开始他们的对手的可行性提出质疑。他们和其他来源的批发资金开始隐瞒短期信贷，导致那些最依赖它的创始人。英国抵押贷款机构北岩，是一个早在2007年秋季伤亡。

6. 求经济类英文文章(带中文翻译)

Macroeconomics is a sub-field of economics that examines the behavior of the economy as a whole, once all of the individual economic decisions of companies and industries have been summed. Economy-wide phenomena considered by macroeconomics include Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and how it is affected by changes in unemployment, national income, rate of growth, and price levels. 
In contrast, microeconomics is the study of the economic behaviour and decision-making of individual consumers, firms, and industries. 
Macroeconomics can be used to analyze how to influence government policy goals such as economic growth, price stability, full employment and the attainment of a sustainable balance of payments. 
Macroeconomics is sometimes used to refer to a general approach to economic reasoning, which includes long term strategies and rational expectations in aggregate behavior. 
Until the 1930s most economic analysis did not separate out individual economics behavior from aggregate behavior. With the Great Depression of the 1930s, suffered throughout the developed world at the time, and the development of the concept of national income and product statistics, the field of macroeconomics began to expand. Particularly influential were the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, who formulated theories to try to explain the Great Depression. Before that time, comprehensive national accounts, as we know them today, did not exist . 
One of the challenges of economics has been a struggle to reconcile macroeconomic and microeconomic models. Starting in the 1950s, macroeconomists developed micro-based models of macroeconomic behavior (such as the consumption function). Dutch economist Jan Tinbergen developed the first comprehensive national macroeconomic model, which he first built for the Netherlands and later applied to the United States and the United Kingdom after World War II. The first global macroeconomic model, Wharton Econometric Forecasting Associates LINK project, was initiated by Lawrence Klein and was mentioned in his citation for the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1980. 
Theorists such as Robert Lucas Jr suggested (in the 1970s) that at least some traditional Keynesian (after British economist John Maynard Keynes) macroeconomic models were questionable as they were not derived from assumptions about individual behavior, although it was not clear whether the failures were in microeconomic assumptions or in macroeconomic models. However, New Keynesian macroeconomics has generally presented microeconomic models to shore up their macroeconomic theorizing, and some Keynesians have contested the idea that microeconomic foundations are essential, if the model is analytically useful. An analogy might be that the fact that quantum phisics is not fully consistent with relativity theory doesn´t mean that realtivity is false. Many important microeconomic assumptions have never been proved, and some have proved wrong. 
The various schools of thought are not always in direct competition with one another - even though they sometimes reach differing conclusions. Macroeconomics is an ever evolving area of research. The goal of economic research is not to be "right," but rather to be accurate. It is likely that none of the current schools of economic thought perfectly capture the workings of the economy. They do, however, each contribute a small piece of the overall puzzle. As one learns more about each school of thought, it is possible to combine aspects of each in order to reach an informed synthesis. 
The traditional distinction is between two different approaches to economics: Keynesian economics, focusing on demand; and supply-side (or neo-classical) economics, focusing on supply. Neither view is typically endorsed to the complete exclusion of the other, but most schools do tend clearly to emphasize one or the other as a theoretical foundation. 
• Keynesian economics focuses on aggregate demand to explain levels of unemployment and the business cycle. That is, business cycle fluctuations should be reduced through fiscal policy (the government spends more or less depending on the situation) and monetary policy. Early Keynesian macroeconomics was "activist," calling for regular use of policy to stabilize the capitalist economy, while some Keynesians called for the use of incomes policies. 
• Supply-side economics delineates quite clearly the roles of monetary policy and fiscal policy. The focus for monetary policy should be purely on the price of money as determined by the supply of money and the demand for money. It advocates a monetary policy that directly targets the value of money and does not target interest rates at all. Typically the value of money is measured by reference to gold or some other reference. The focus of fiscal policy is to raise revenue for worthy government investments with a clear recognition of the impact that taxation has on domestic trade. It places heavy emphasis on Say's law, which states that recessions do not occur because of failure in demand or lack of money. 
• Monetarism, led by Milton Friedman, which holds that inflation is always and everywhere a monetary phenomenon. It rejects fiscal policy because it leads to "crowding out" of the private sector. Further, it does not wish to combat inflation or deflation by means of active demand management as in Keynesian economics, but by means of monetary policy rules, such as keeping the rate of growth of the money supply constant over time. 
• New Keynesian economics, which developed partly in response to new classical economics, strives to provide microeconomic foundations to Keynesian economics by showing how imperfect markets can justify demand management. 
• Austrian economics is a laissez-faire school of macroeconomics. It focuses on the business cycle that arises from government or central-bank interference that leads to deviations from the natural rate of interest. 
• Post-Keynesian economics represents a dissent from mainstream Keynesian economics, emphasizing the role of uncertainty and the historical process in macroeconomics. 
• New classical economics. The original theoretical impetus was the charge that Keynesian economics lacks microeconomic foundations -- i.e. its assertions are not founded in basic economic theory. This school emerged during the 1970s. This school asserts that it does not make sense to claim that the economy at any time might be "out-of-equilibrium". Fluctuations in aggregate variables follow from the individuals in the society continuously re-optimizing as new information on the state of the world is revealed. Later yielded an explicit school which argued that macro-economics does not have micro-economic foundations, but is instead the tool of studying economic systems at equilibrium. 
宏观经济学是一种分场经济学的行为,研究是在整个经济中,一旦所有的个人的经济决策,为公司和产业被。宏观经济学认为经济现象包括国内生产总值(GDP)以及它是如何变化影响失业的国民收入的)经济成长率、价格水平。

相反,微观经济学研究的就是经济行为和决策的个体消费者,公司和行业。

宏观经济学可以用来分析如何影响政府的政策的目标,比如经济增长,价格稳定,充分就业和获取可持续国际收支差额。

宏观经济学有时用来指一个经济理论的主要途径,包括长期战略的期望和理性综合行为。

直到30年代为止,大部分的经济分析没有独立的个人经济综合行为举止。与1930年代的经济大萧条,遭受了在所有发达国家,发展国民收入的概念和产品的统计数据,但是研究领域的宏观经济学开始扩展。具有特殊影响力的想法是,约翰•梅纳德凯恩斯理论,努力向他们解释制定了经济大萧条。在那时候,综合国民经济核算,如同我们知道他们今天,是不存在的。

经济学的一个挑战是一场斗争调和宏观经济政策和微观经济政策,模型。开始于20世纪50年代,macroeconomists发达micro-based模型的宏观经济行为(如消费函数)。1月Tinbergen荷兰经济学家第一个全面发展国家宏观经济模型,该模型他第一次建成为荷兰和后应用于美国和英国二战之后。第一个全球宏观经济模型,沃顿计量预测伙伴联系工程项目,发生在劳伦斯发起克莱恩和被提及他的嘉奖经济学诺贝尔经济学奖1980年。

理论家如罗伯特·卢卡斯认为(是在上世纪70年代),认为至少有一些传统的凯恩斯(英国经济学家约翰梅纳德凯恩斯)宏观经济模型都是可疑的,因为他们不是来源于假设的个人行为,虽然现在还不清楚这些失败在微观经济的假定,或是对宏观经济模型。然而,最新凯恩斯主义的宏观微观模型提出了大致以支持他们的宏观经济理论有争议,一些凯恩斯主义者的想法,微观经济基础是必要的,如果模型是分析有用的。打个比方可能是,这样的事实,即量子phisics并不完全符合相对论´,并不代表没有realtivity是假的。许多重要的微观经济假设从来没有被证明,而有些人的证明是错误的。

各种各样的思想学派并不总是在彼此的直接竞争,尽管他们有时会达到不同的结论。宏观经济学是一种前所未有的领域的研究。研究经济学的目标不是"正确",而是是精确的。很有可能是学校目前尚无一个经济思想完全捕捉运作方式的经济。不过,他们的贡献每一小块整体难题。当你学会更多关于每个思想学派,它能把方面的每一个为了达到一个通知的合成。

传统的区别是留给经济学两种不同的方法,重点凯恩斯经济学和供方需求;(或古典)经济学、关注供应。也都是典型的观点完全排除其他,但大多数学校都往往清晰地强调一个或另一个是的理论基础。

•凯恩斯经济学交融在总需求,以解释失业率和商业周期。商业周期波动,应减少通过财政政策(政府花费或多或少根据实际情况)和货币政策。早期凯恩斯主义的宏观经济学是“活动家,定期使用《召唤的政策稳定资本主义经济,虽然有些凯恩斯主义要求使用收入政策。

•供给的经济学的作用很明显地在当前货币政策与财政政策。关注于货币政策应该是完全对价格的钱所确定的货币供应的需求的特点,为了金钱。它提倡货币政策,直接目标钱的价值,不目标利率。典型的钱的价值在于用参考金或其他参考。财政政策的重点是提高政府农业投资价值的收入为一个明确的认识税收的影响在国内贸易。它设置了过度强调了说的法律,它表明不会发生经济衰退需求下降、因为没有缺钱。

•货币主义的带领下,由弗里德曼,认为始终通货膨胀是一种货币现象。财政政策拒绝,因为会导致“挤退”的私人生活。此外,它不希望对抗通货膨胀或通货紧缩采用主动需求管理在凯恩斯经济学,通过货币政策规则,即坚持的增长速度恒定的钱。

凯恩斯•新经济发达的部分原因是为了适应新古典经济学、致力于提供凯恩斯现代经济学的微观经济基础显示出了市场的不完善就能名正言顺的需求管理等。

•奥地利经济学是个自由放任主义的学校的宏观经济。它侧重于商业周期,而政府或中央银行的干扰导致偏离自然失业率的兴趣。

•Post-Keynesian经济学所代表了凯恩斯经济学主流的作用,强调历史过程中不确定性和宏观经济。

•新古典经济学。原理论动力的费用是凯恩斯经济学缺乏有效的微观经济基础——亦即其断言不成立于基本经济理论。这所学校出现在20世纪70年代。这所学校断言它是没有道理的主张经济会随时out-of-equilibrium”。波动的总变量遵从的在这个社会的个人不断re-optimizing新信息的状态的世界就会显现出来。后来取得了一个显式学校一样,认为宏观经济学没有微观经济基础,反而学习经济系统的工具在平衡。

7. 用下面的单词写一篇经济类英语作文(150-200字左右 商英考试用)急！！！

　　Recently, a (rarifiedforum) has been hold, at which some experts concerned were present. Some ofthem (championed) the banks and agreed to the system of control of the loan to (subsets)because providing a loan would make banks to be at the (peril) of doubtful accountsand put the financial institution in a (turmoil), while some of them appealedto the banks to (deregulate) the policy and insisted that subsets were also thefresh activists of the economic development. They thought most of the subsets could(entail) necessary fund so that they could extend reproduction; besides, economicglobalization and trade (liberalization) call for an elimination of loanwall. At last the participants’ (consensus) was that the measure putforward by the latter should be adopted.
　　In my opinion, thelatter don’t cast a (lurid) light on. So long as we (enforce) the banking, (prudential)loan can be boldly provided to most of the reliable subsets and there is no possibilityfor any chaos to happen
　　.
　　最近，召开了一次小范围的讨论会，有关专家出席了这次会议。有些专家支持银行，赞同对小企业贷款的管制制度，因为给他们贷款会让银行冒坏账的风险致使金融机构陷入窘境，而有的人呼吁银行解除这种政策，他们坚持认为小企业同样是经济建设的生力军。他们认为小企业需要必要的资金以便他们能够扩大再生产，此外，经济全球化、贸易自由化的发展要求贷款壁垒应不断被拆除。最后，与会者多数的意见是采纳后者提出的这个措施。
　　在我看来，后者所说并没有过分渲染，只要我们加强执行金融制度，可以大胆地向可信赖的小企业发放谨慎的贷款，不会有任何混乱存在。

8. 请英语高手指点一下，这五个关于经济类的单词，到底有啥区别？

economic,economical,economics,economize,economy
它们之间到底有啥区别呢？请大神分别将它们填入合适的语境中：
1.New opportunities will emerge as the (economic )climate improves.
2.Frank studied (economics )at Nankai University in Tianjin.
3.(economy ) on food is the only choice we have.
4.The government has promised to boost the flagging (economy ).
5.It is the most ( economica)way to run a new business.

economic [,iːkə'nɒmɪk; ek-] adj. 经济的，经济上的；经济学的
economical [iːkə'nɒmɪk(ə)l; ek-] adj. 经济的；节约的；合算的
economics [iːkə'nɒmɪks; ek-] n. 经济学；国家的经济状况
economize [i'kɔnəmaiz] vi. 节约，节省；有效地利用 vt. 节约，节省；有效地利用
economy [ɪ'kɒnəmɪ] n. 经济；节约；理财